Prof. Drd. Daniela DorobanţuBRITISH EDUCATION operates on three levels: schools, higher education and further/adult education. Schools are mainly mixed-sex, although there are some single-sex schools, and are divided into state (maintained from public funds) and independent (privately financed) sectors (the latter mainly in England). But there is no common educational organization for the whole country. Northern Ireland, Scotland and England/Wales have somewhat different school systems. Further/adult and higher education generally has the same structure throughout Britain and is mostly state-funded.
State education in the UK is free and compulsory for children between the ages of five and sixteen. The vast majority of children are educated in state primary and secondary schools.
State schooling before the age of five is not compulsory in Britain and there is no statutory requirement to provide such education. Pupils attend primary school in the state sector from the age of five and then move to secondary schools normally at eleven until the ages of sixteen to eighteen.
The independent school sector exists mainly in England, is separate from the state school system and caters for some 6 per cent of all British children, from the ages of four to eighteen at various levels of education. There are 2,400 independent schools with over 563,500 pupils.
Some 250 public schools (private, not state), such as Eton, Harrow and Winchester, are the most famous of the independent schools, and are usually defined by their membership of the Headmasters’ Conference. They were originally created (often by monarchs) to provide education for the sons of the rich and aristocratic.
Public and other independent schools play a significant role in British education, and many leading figures have been educated at them. Entry today is competitive, normally by an entrance examination, and is not confined to social class, connections or wealth, although the ability to pay the fees is important.
Many schools, teachers and students in the state and independent sectors produce excellent work, as do the universities.
The ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge (composed of their many colleges) date from the twelfth century. But until the nineteenth century they were virtually the only English universities and offered no places to women. The competition to enter these universities is now very strong in popular subjects and students who do not do well at A- or equivalent levels may be unable to find a place.
Students can choose from an impressive array of subject areas and teaching is mainly by the lecture system, supported by tutorials (small groups) and seminars.
The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge are among the most famous universities in the world, and leading academics come here as they represent the real icons of the British educational system.
State education in the UK is free and compulsory for children between the ages of five and sixteen. The vast majority of children are educated in state primary and secondary schools.
State schooling before the age of five is not compulsory in Britain and there is no statutory requirement to provide such education. Pupils attend primary school in the state sector from the age of five and then move to secondary schools normally at eleven until the ages of sixteen to eighteen.
The independent school sector exists mainly in England, is separate from the state school system and caters for some 6 per cent of all British children, from the ages of four to eighteen at various levels of education. There are 2,400 independent schools with over 563,500 pupils.
Some 250 public schools (private, not state), such as Eton, Harrow and Winchester, are the most famous of the independent schools, and are usually defined by their membership of the Headmasters’ Conference. They were originally created (often by monarchs) to provide education for the sons of the rich and aristocratic.
Public and other independent schools play a significant role in British education, and many leading figures have been educated at them. Entry today is competitive, normally by an entrance examination, and is not confined to social class, connections or wealth, although the ability to pay the fees is important.
Many schools, teachers and students in the state and independent sectors produce excellent work, as do the universities.
The ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge (composed of their many colleges) date from the twelfth century. But until the nineteenth century they were virtually the only English universities and offered no places to women. The competition to enter these universities is now very strong in popular subjects and students who do not do well at A- or equivalent levels may be unable to find a place.
Students can choose from an impressive array of subject areas and teaching is mainly by the lecture system, supported by tutorials (small groups) and seminars.
The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge are among the most famous universities in the world, and leading academics come here as they represent the real icons of the British educational system.
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